Veterinary World

Fawzy R. El Seedy ¹, A. A. Samy ², Hala S. H. Salam ¹, Eman A. Khairy ², Aya A. Koraney ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, EG
2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Research Center, Cairo, EG

Abstract

Aim: The aim of our study was polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection of the genes responsible for the multiple antibiotic resistance S. aureus isolated from food of animal origin in Egypt.
Materials and Methods: A total of 125 samples were randomly collected from milk, meat, and their products from Giza and Beni-Suef Governorates markets. The S. aureus isolates were subjected to antimicrobial sensitivity tests using four antibacterial disks (Oxoid), and then the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed for detection of antibiotic resistance genes.
Results: Out of 125 samples, 19 S. aureus isolates were detected. All detected isolates were multiple drug resistance (MDR). The penicillin-, erythromycin-, kanamycin-, and tetracycline-resistant isolates were examined by PCR for resistance genes blaZ, (msrA, ermB, and ermC), aac(6’)aph (2’’), and tetK. The isolates harbored these resistance genes with percentage of 100% (100%, 0%, and 100%), 62.5%, and 100%, respectively.
Conclusion: Contaminated foods of animal origin may represent a source of MDR S. aureus that can be a major threat to public health.

Keywords

Food of Animal Origin, Multiple Antibiotic Resistance, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Resistance Genes, Staphylococcus aureus.

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Waleed S. Shell ¹, Mahmoud Lotfy Sayed ¹, Fatma Mohamed Gad Allah ¹, Fatma Elzahraa Gamal ¹, Afaf Ahmed Khedr ¹, A. A. Samy ², Abdel Hakam M. Ali ¹

Affiliations
1 Central Laboratory for Evaluation of Veterinary Biologics Abbasaia, Agriculture Research Center, Cairo, EG
2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Research Center, Cairo, EG

Abstract

Aim: Identification of pathogenic clinical bacterial isolates is mainly dependent on phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of the microorganisms. These conventional methods are costive, time-consuming, and need special skills and training. An alternative, mass spectral (proteomics) analysis method for identification of clinical bacterial isolates has been recognized as a rapid, reliable, and economical method for identification. This study was aimed to evaluate and compare the performance, sensitivity and reliability of traditional bacteriology, phenotypic methods and matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) in the identification of clinical Escherichia coli and Salmonella isolates recovered from chickens.
Materials and Methods: A total of 110 samples (cloacal, liver, spleen, and/or gall bladder) were collected from apparently healthy and diseased chickens showing clinical signs as white chalky diarrhea, pasty vent, and decrease egg production as well as freshly dead chickens which showing postmortem lesions as enlarged liver with congestion and enlarged gall bladder from different poultry farms.
Results: Depending on colonial characteristics and morphological characteristics, E. coli and Salmonella isolates were recovered and detected in only 42 and 35 samples, respectively. Biochemical identification using API 20E identification system revealed that the suspected E. coli isolates were 33 out of 42 of colonial and morphological identified E. coli isolates where Salmonella isolates were represented by 26 out of 35 of colonial and morphological identified Salmonella isolates. Serological identification of isolates revealed that the most predominant E. coli serotypes were O1 and O78 while the most predominant Salmonella serotype of Salmonella was Salmonella Pullorum. All E. coli and Salmonella isolates were examined using MALDI-TOF MS. In agreement with traditional identification, MADI-TOF MS identified all clinical bacterial samples with valid scores as E. coli and Salmonella isolates except two E. coli isolates recovered from apparently healthy and diseased birds, respectively, with recovery rate of 93.9% and 2 Salmonella isolates recovered from apparently healthy and dead birds, respectively, with recovery rate of 92.3%.
Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that Bruker MALDI-TOF MS Biotyper is a reliable rapid and economic tool for the identification of Gram-negative bacteria especially E. coli and Salmonella which could be used as an alternative diagnostic tool for routine identification and differentiation of clinical isolates in the bacteriological laboratory. MALDI-TOF MS need more validation and verification and more study on the performance of direct colony and extraction methods to detect the most sensitive one and also need using more samples to detect sensitivity, reliability, and performance of this type of bacterial identification.

Keywords

Abi, Bruker Daltonics, Colibacillosis, Escherichia coli, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry, Salmonella, Salmonella Pullorum.

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Waleed S. Shell ¹, Mahmoud L. Sayed ¹, A. A. Samy ², Ghada Mohamed Al-Sadek ¹, Gina Mohamed Mohamed Abd El-Hamid ¹, Abdel Hakam M. Ali ¹

Affiliations
1 Central Laboratory for Evaluation of Veterinary Biologics, Cairo, Abbasia, EG
2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Research Center, EG

Abstract

Aim: Brucellosis is a major bacterial zoonosis of global importance affecting a range of animal species and man worldwide. It has economic, public health, and bio-risk importance. Control and prevention of animal brucellosis mainly depend on accurate diagnostic tools and implementation of effective and safe animal vaccination program. There are three types of animal Brucella live vaccines-Brucella melitensis Rev-1 vaccine, Brucella abortus S19, and B. abortus RB51. Evaluation of these vaccines depends mainly on enumeration of Brucella viable count. At present, used colony count method is time consuming, costly and requires especial skills. Hence, the aim of this study is to use and standardize real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) as an alternative, quantitative, sensitive, and rapid method to detect the colony count of Brucella in live Brucella vaccine.
Materials and Methods: Four batches of different live Brucella vaccines were evaluated using of conventional bacterial count and RT-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) using BSCP31 gene specific primers and probe. Standard curve was generated from DNA template extracted from 10-fold serial dilution of living B. abortus RB51 vaccine to evaluate the sensitivity of RT-qPCR.
Results: Results revealed that three batches of living Brucella vaccines were acceptable for Brucella colony count when traditional bacterial enumeration method was used. Results of RT-qPCR were identical to that of conventional bacterial count.
Conclusions: Results concluded that RT-qPCR was relatively sensitive compared to traditional bacterial colony count of these vaccines.

Keywords

Brucella, Colony Count, RB51, Rev-1, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, S19, Vaccines.

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